remove usage of appengine to get rid of unsafe imports

Update golang.org/x dependencies to their latest tagged versions.

Change-Id: Icf68cb33585a13df206afacdb79832ea76f82346
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/oauth2/+/554676
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Than McIntosh <thanm@google.com>
Auto-Submit: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@google.com>

deviceauth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+package oauth2
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2/internal"
+)
+
+// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8628#section-3.5
+const (
+	errAuthorizationPending = "authorization_pending"
+	errSlowDown             = "slow_down"
+	errAccessDenied         = "access_denied"
+	errExpiredToken         = "expired_token"
+)
+
+// DeviceAuthResponse describes a successful RFC 8628 Device Authorization Response
+// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8628#section-3.2
+type DeviceAuthResponse struct {
+	// DeviceCode
+	DeviceCode string `json:"device_code"`
+	// UserCode is the code the user should enter at the verification uri
+	UserCode string `json:"user_code"`
+	// VerificationURI is where user should enter the user code
+	VerificationURI string `json:"verification_uri"`
+	// VerificationURIComplete (if populated) includes the user code in the verification URI. This is typically shown to the user in non-textual form, such as a QR code.
+	VerificationURIComplete string `json:"verification_uri_complete,omitempty"`
+	// Expiry is when the device code and user code expire
+	Expiry time.Time `json:"expires_in,omitempty"`
+	// Interval is the duration in seconds that Poll should wait between requests
+	Interval int64 `json:"interval,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (d DeviceAuthResponse) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	type Alias DeviceAuthResponse
+	var expiresIn int64
+	if !d.Expiry.IsZero() {
+		expiresIn = int64(time.Until(d.Expiry).Seconds())
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(&struct {
+		ExpiresIn int64 `json:"expires_in,omitempty"`
+		*Alias
+	}{
+		ExpiresIn: expiresIn,
+		Alias:     (*Alias)(&d),
+	})
+
+}
+
+func (c *DeviceAuthResponse) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	type Alias DeviceAuthResponse
+	aux := &struct {
+		ExpiresIn int64 `json:"expires_in"`
+		// workaround misspelling of verification_uri
+		VerificationURL string `json:"verification_url"`
+		*Alias
+	}{
+		Alias: (*Alias)(c),
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &aux); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if aux.ExpiresIn != 0 {
+		c.Expiry = time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Second * time.Duration(aux.ExpiresIn))
+	}
+	if c.VerificationURI == "" {
+		c.VerificationURI = aux.VerificationURL
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeviceAuth returns a device auth struct which contains a device code
+// and authorization information provided for users to enter on another device.
+func (c *Config) DeviceAuth(ctx context.Context, opts ...AuthCodeOption) (*DeviceAuthResponse, error) {
+	// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8628#section-3.1
+	v := url.Values{
+		"client_id": {c.ClientID},
+	}
+	if len(c.Scopes) > 0 {
+		v.Set("scope", strings.Join(c.Scopes, " "))
+	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt.setValue(v)
+	}
+	return retrieveDeviceAuth(ctx, c, v)
+}
+
+func retrieveDeviceAuth(ctx context.Context, c *Config, v url.Values) (*DeviceAuthResponse, error) {
+	if c.Endpoint.DeviceAuthURL == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("endpoint missing DeviceAuthURL")
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", c.Endpoint.DeviceAuthURL, strings.NewReader(v.Encode()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+
+	t := time.Now()
+	r, err := internal.ContextClient(ctx).Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 1<<20))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("oauth2: cannot auth device: %v", err)
+	}
+	if code := r.StatusCode; code < 200 || code > 299 {
+		return nil, &RetrieveError{
+			Response: r,
+			Body:     body,
+		}
+	}
+
+	da := &DeviceAuthResponse{}
+	err = json.Unmarshal(body, &da)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if !da.Expiry.IsZero() {
+		// Make a small adjustment to account for time taken by the request
+		da.Expiry = da.Expiry.Add(-time.Since(t))
+	}
+
+	return da, nil
+}
+
+// DeviceAccessToken polls the server to exchange a device code for a token.
+func (c *Config) DeviceAccessToken(ctx context.Context, da *DeviceAuthResponse, opts ...AuthCodeOption) (*Token, error) {
+	if !da.Expiry.IsZero() {
+		var cancel context.CancelFunc
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithDeadline(ctx, da.Expiry)
+		defer cancel()
+	}
+
+	// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8628#section-3.4
+	v := url.Values{
+		"client_id":   {c.ClientID},
+		"grant_type":  {"urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code"},
+		"device_code": {da.DeviceCode},
+	}
+	if len(c.Scopes) > 0 {
+		v.Set("scope", strings.Join(c.Scopes, " "))
+	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt.setValue(v)
+	}
+
+	// "If no value is provided, clients MUST use 5 as the default."
+	// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8628#section-3.2
+	interval := da.Interval
+	if interval == 0 {
+		interval = 5
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Duration(interval) * time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			tok, err := retrieveToken(ctx, c, v)
+			if err == nil {
+				return tok, nil
+			}
+
+			e, ok := err.(*RetrieveError)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			switch e.ErrorCode {
+			case errSlowDown:
+				// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8628#section-3.5
+				// "the interval MUST be increased by 5 seconds for this and all subsequent requests"
+				interval += 5
+				ticker.Reset(time.Duration(interval) * time.Second)
+			case errAuthorizationPending:
+				// Do nothing.
+			case errAccessDenied, errExpiredToken:
+				fallthrough
+			default:
+				return tok, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

deviceauth_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package oauth2
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
+)
+
+func TestDeviceAuthResponseMarshalJson(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		response DeviceAuthResponse
+		want     string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "empty",
+			response: DeviceAuthResponse{},
+			want:     `{"device_code":"","user_code":"","verification_uri":""}`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "soon",
+			response: DeviceAuthResponse{
+				Expiry: time.Now().Add(100*time.Second + 999*time.Millisecond),
+			},
+			want: `{"expires_in":100,"device_code":"","user_code":"","verification_uri":""}`,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			begin := time.Now()
+			gotBytes, err := json.Marshal(tc.response)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(tc.want, "expires_in") && time.Since(begin) > 999*time.Millisecond {
+				t.Skip("test ran too slowly to compare `expires_in`")
+			}
+			got := string(gotBytes)
+			if got != tc.want {
+				t.Errorf("want=%s, got=%s", tc.want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDeviceAuthResponseUnmarshalJson(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		data string
+		want DeviceAuthResponse
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty",
+			data: `{}`,
+			want: DeviceAuthResponse{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "soon",
+			data: `{"expires_in":100}`,
+			want: DeviceAuthResponse{Expiry: time.Now().UTC().Add(100 * time.Second)},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			begin := time.Now()
+			got := DeviceAuthResponse{}
+			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(tc.data), &got)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if !cmp.Equal(got, tc.want, cmpopts.IgnoreUnexported(DeviceAuthResponse{}), cmpopts.EquateApproxTime(time.Second+time.Since(begin))) {
+				t.Errorf("want=%#v, got=%#v", tc.want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func ExampleConfig_DeviceAuth() {
+	var config Config
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	response, err := config.DeviceAuth(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("please enter code %s at %s\n", response.UserCode, response.VerificationURI)
+	token, err := config.DeviceAccessToken(ctx, response)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(token)
+}

endpoints/endpoints.go

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ var Fitbit = oauth2.Endpoint{
 var GitHub = oauth2.Endpoint{
 	AuthURL:       "https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize",
 	TokenURL:      "https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token",
+	DeviceAuthURL: "https://github.com/login/device/code",
 }
 
 // GitLab is the endpoint for GitLab.
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ var GitLab = oauth2.Endpoint{
 var Google = oauth2.Endpoint{
 	AuthURL:  "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
 	TokenURL: "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
+	DeviceAuthURL: "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/device/code",
 }
 
 // Heroku is the endpoint for Heroku.

example_test.go

@@ -26,9 +26,13 @@ func ExampleConfig() {
 		},
 	}
 
+	// use PKCE to protect against CSRF attacks
+	// https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-oauth-security-topics-22.html#name-countermeasures-6
+	verifier := oauth2.GenerateVerifier()
+
 	// Redirect user to consent page to ask for permission
 	// for the scopes specified above.
-	url := conf.AuthCodeURL("state", oauth2.AccessTypeOffline)
+	url := conf.AuthCodeURL("state", oauth2.AccessTypeOffline, oauth2.S256ChallengeOption(verifier))
 	fmt.Printf("Visit the URL for the auth dialog: %v", url)
 
 	// Use the authorization code that is pushed to the redirect
@@ -39,7 +43,7 @@ func ExampleConfig() {
 	if _, err := fmt.Scan(&code); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	tok, err := conf.Exchange(ctx, code)
+	tok, err := conf.Exchange(ctx, code, oauth2.VerifierOption(verifier))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}

github/github.go

@@ -6,11 +6,8 @@
 package github // import "golang.org/x/oauth2/github"
 
 import (
-	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2/endpoints"
 )
 
 // Endpoint is Github's OAuth 2.0 endpoint.
-var Endpoint = oauth2.Endpoint{
-	AuthURL:  "https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize",
-	TokenURL: "https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token",
-}
+var Endpoint = endpoints.GitHub

go.mod

@@ -5,12 +5,6 @@ go 1.18
 require (
 	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.2.3
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9
-	google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7
 )
 
-require (
-	cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.20.1 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.15.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.31.0 // indirect
-)
+require cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.20.1 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -2,25 +2,5 @@ cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.20.1 h1:6aKEtlUiwEpJzM001l0yFkpXmUVXaN8W+fbkb2AZN
 cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.20.1/go.mod h1:4tCnrn48xsqlwSAiLf1HXMQk8CONslYbdiEZc9FEIbM=
 cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.2.3 h1:mg4jlk7mCAj6xXp9UJ4fjI9VUI5rubuGBW5aJ7UnBMY=
 cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.2.3/go.mod h1:VAV5nSsACxMJvgaAuX6Pk2AawlZn8kiOGuCv6gTkwuA=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.1/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.0/go.mod h1:FsONVRAS9T7sI+LIUmWTfcYkHO4aIWwzhcaSAoJOfIk=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3 h1:KhyjKVUg7Usr/dYsdSqoFveMYd5ko72D+zANwlG1mmg=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3/go.mod h1:XVQd3VNwM+JqD3oG2Ue2ip4fOMUkwXdXDdiuN0vRsmY=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 h1:O2Tfq5qg4qc4AmwVlvv0oLiVAGB7enBSJ2x2DqQFi38=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190603091049-60506f45cf65/go.mod h1:HSz+uSET+XFnRR8LxR5pz3Of3rY3CfYBVs4xY44aLks=
-golang.org/x/net v0.15.0 h1:ugBLEUaxABaB5AJqW9enI0ACdci2RUd4eP51NTBvuJ8=
-golang.org/x/net v0.15.0/go.mod h1:idbUs1IY1+zTqbi8yxTbhexhEEk5ur9LInksu6HrEpk=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7 h1:FZR1q0exgwxzPzp/aF+VccGrSfxfPpkBqjIIEq3ru6c=
-google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7/go.mod h1:8WjMMxjGQR8xUklV/ARdw2HLXBOI7O7uCIDZVag1xfc=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.31.0 h1:g0LDEJHgrBl9N9r17Ru3sqWhkIx2NB67okBHPwC7hs8=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.31.0/go.mod h1:HV8QOd/L58Z+nl8r43ehVNZIU/HEI6OcFqwMG9pJV4I=

google/appengine.go

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2014 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-package google
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"time"
-
-	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
-)
-
-// Set at init time by appengine_gen1.go. If nil, we're not on App Engine standard first generation (<= Go 1.9) or App Engine flexible.
-var appengineTokenFunc func(c context.Context, scopes ...string) (token string, expiry time.Time, err error)
-
-// Set at init time by appengine_gen1.go. If nil, we're not on App Engine standard first generation (<= Go 1.9) or App Engine flexible.
-var appengineAppIDFunc func(c context.Context) string
-
-// AppEngineTokenSource returns a token source that fetches tokens from either
-// the current application's service account or from the metadata server,
-// depending on the App Engine environment. See below for environment-specific
-// details. If you are implementing a 3-legged OAuth 2.0 flow on App Engine that
-// involves user accounts, see oauth2.Config instead.
-//
-// First generation App Engine runtimes (<= Go 1.9):
-// AppEngineTokenSource returns a token source that fetches tokens issued to the
-// current App Engine application's service account. The provided context must have
-// come from appengine.NewContext.
-//
-// Second generation App Engine runtimes (>= Go 1.11) and App Engine flexible:
-// AppEngineTokenSource is DEPRECATED on second generation runtimes and on the
-// flexible environment. It delegates to ComputeTokenSource, and the provided
-// context and scopes are not used. Please use DefaultTokenSource (or ComputeTokenSource,
-// which DefaultTokenSource will use in this case) instead.
-func AppEngineTokenSource(ctx context.Context, scope ...string) oauth2.TokenSource {
-	return appEngineTokenSource(ctx, scope...)
-}

google/appengine_gen1.go

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-//go:build appengine
-
-// This file applies to App Engine first generation runtimes (<= Go 1.9).
-
-package google
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-
-	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
-	"google.golang.org/appengine"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	appengineTokenFunc = appengine.AccessToken
-	appengineAppIDFunc = appengine.AppID
-}
-
-// See comment on AppEngineTokenSource in appengine.go.
-func appEngineTokenSource(ctx context.Context, scope ...string) oauth2.TokenSource {
-	scopes := append([]string{}, scope...)
-	sort.Strings(scopes)
-	return &gaeTokenSource{
-		ctx:    ctx,
-		scopes: scopes,
-		key:    strings.Join(scopes, " "),
-	}
-}
-
-// aeTokens helps the fetched tokens to be reused until their expiration.
-var (
-	aeTokensMu sync.Mutex
-	aeTokens   = make(map[string]*tokenLock) // key is space-separated scopes
-)
-
-type tokenLock struct {
-	mu sync.Mutex // guards t; held while fetching or updating t
-	t  *oauth2.Token
-}
-
-type gaeTokenSource struct {
-	ctx    context.Context
-	scopes []string
-	key    string // to aeTokens map; space-separated scopes
-}
-
-func (ts *gaeTokenSource) Token() (*oauth2.Token, error) {
-	aeTokensMu.Lock()
-	tok, ok := aeTokens[ts.key]
-	if !ok {
-		tok = &tokenLock{}
-		aeTokens[ts.key] = tok
-	}
-	aeTokensMu.Unlock()
-
-	tok.mu.Lock()
-	defer tok.mu.Unlock()
-	if tok.t.Valid() {
-		return tok.t, nil
-	}
-	access, exp, err := appengineTokenFunc(ts.ctx, ts.scopes...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	tok.t = &oauth2.Token{
-		AccessToken: access,
-		Expiry:      exp,
-	}
-	return tok.t, nil
-}

google/appengine_gen2_flex.go

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-//go:build !appengine
-
-// This file applies to App Engine second generation runtimes (>= Go 1.11) and App Engine flexible.
-
-package google
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"log"
-	"sync"
-
-	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
-)
-
-var logOnce sync.Once // only spam about deprecation once
-
-// See comment on AppEngineTokenSource in appengine.go.
-func appEngineTokenSource(ctx context.Context, scope ...string) oauth2.TokenSource {
-	logOnce.Do(func() {
-		log.Print("google: AppEngineTokenSource is deprecated on App Engine standard second generation runtimes (>= Go 1.11) and App Engine flexible. Please use DefaultTokenSource or ComputeTokenSource.")
-	})
-	return ComputeTokenSource("")
-}

google/default.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata"
@@ -19,7 +20,10 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2/authhandler"
 )
 
-const adcSetupURL = "https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/external/set-up-adc"
+const (
+	adcSetupURL           = "https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/external/set-up-adc"
+	universeDomainDefault = "googleapis.com"
+)
 
 // Credentials holds Google credentials, including "Application Default Credentials".
 // For more details, see:
@@ -37,6 +41,75 @@ type Credentials struct {
 	// environment and not with a credentials file, e.g. when code is
 	// running on Google Cloud Platform.
 	JSON []byte
+
+	udMu sync.Mutex // guards universeDomain
+	// universeDomain is the default service domain for a given Cloud universe.
+	universeDomain string
+}
+
+// UniverseDomain returns the default service domain for a given Cloud universe.
+//
+// The default value is "googleapis.com".
+//
+// Deprecated: Use instead (*Credentials).GetUniverseDomain(), which supports
+// obtaining the universe domain when authenticating via the GCE metadata server.
+// Unlike GetUniverseDomain, this method, UniverseDomain, will always return the
+// default value when authenticating via the GCE metadata server.
+// See also [The attached service account](https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/application-default-credentials#attached-sa).
+func (c *Credentials) UniverseDomain() string {
+	if c.universeDomain == "" {
+		return universeDomainDefault
+	}
+	return c.universeDomain
+}
+
+// GetUniverseDomain returns the default service domain for a given Cloud
+// universe.
+//
+// The default value is "googleapis.com".
+//
+// It obtains the universe domain from the attached service account on GCE when
+// authenticating via the GCE metadata server. See also [The attached service
+// account](https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/application-default-credentials#attached-sa).
+// If the GCE metadata server returns a 404 error, the default value is
+// returned. If the GCE metadata server returns an error other than 404, the
+// error is returned.
+func (c *Credentials) GetUniverseDomain() (string, error) {
+	c.udMu.Lock()
+	defer c.udMu.Unlock()
+	if c.universeDomain == "" && metadata.OnGCE() {
+		// If we're on Google Compute Engine, an App Engine standard second
+		// generation runtime, or App Engine flexible, use the metadata server.
+		err := c.computeUniverseDomain()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	// If not on Google Compute Engine, or in case of any non-error path in
+	// computeUniverseDomain that did not set universeDomain, set the default
+	// universe domain.
+	if c.universeDomain == "" {
+		c.universeDomain = universeDomainDefault
+	}
+	return c.universeDomain, nil
+}
+
+// computeUniverseDomain fetches the default service domain for a given Cloud
+// universe from Google Compute Engine (GCE)'s metadata server. It's only valid
+// to use this method if your program is running on a GCE instance.
+func (c *Credentials) computeUniverseDomain() error {
+	var err error
+	c.universeDomain, err = metadata.Get("universe/universe_domain")
+	if err != nil {
+		if _, ok := err.(metadata.NotDefinedError); ok {
+			// http.StatusNotFound (404)
+			c.universeDomain = universeDomainDefault
+			return nil
+		} else {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // DefaultCredentials is the old name of Credentials.
@@ -76,6 +149,12 @@ type CredentialsParams struct {
 	// Note: This option is currently only respected when using credentials
 	// fetched from the GCE metadata server.
 	EarlyTokenRefresh time.Duration
+
+	// UniverseDomain is the default service domain for a given Cloud universe.
+	// Only supported in authentication flows that support universe domains.
+	// This value takes precedence over a universe domain explicitly specified
+	// in a credentials config file or by the GCE metadata server. Optional.
+	UniverseDomain string
 }
 
 func (params CredentialsParams) deepCopy() CredentialsParams {
@@ -145,16 +224,6 @@ func FindDefaultCredentialsWithParams(ctx context.Context, params CredentialsPar
 		return CredentialsFromJSONWithParams(ctx, b, params)
 	}
 
-	// Third, if we're on a Google App Engine standard first generation runtime (<= Go 1.9)
-	// use those credentials. App Engine standard second generation runtimes (>= Go 1.11)
-	// and App Engine flexible use ComputeTokenSource and the metadata server.
-	if appengineTokenFunc != nil {
-		return &Credentials{
-			ProjectID:   appengineAppIDFunc(ctx),
-			TokenSource: AppEngineTokenSource(ctx, params.Scopes...),
-		}, nil
-	}
-
 	// Fourth, if we're on Google Compute Engine, an App Engine standard second generation runtime,
 	// or App Engine flexible, use the metadata server.
 	if metadata.OnGCE() {
@@ -162,6 +231,7 @@ func FindDefaultCredentialsWithParams(ctx context.Context, params CredentialsPar
 		return &Credentials{
 			ProjectID:      id,
 			TokenSource:    computeTokenSource("", params.EarlyTokenRefresh, params.Scopes...),
+			universeDomain: params.UniverseDomain,
 		}, nil
 	}
 
@@ -200,6 +270,16 @@ func CredentialsFromJSONWithParams(ctx context.Context, jsonData []byte, params
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &f); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
+	universeDomain := f.UniverseDomain
+	if params.UniverseDomain != "" {
+		universeDomain = params.UniverseDomain
+	}
+	// Authorized user credentials are only supported in the googleapis.com universe.
+	if f.Type == userCredentialsKey {
+		universeDomain = universeDomainDefault
+	}
+
 	ts, err := f.tokenSource(ctx, params)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -209,6 +289,7 @@ func CredentialsFromJSONWithParams(ctx context.Context, jsonData []byte, params
 		ProjectID:      f.ProjectID,
 		TokenSource:    ts,
 		JSON:           jsonData,
+		universeDomain: universeDomain,
 	}, nil
 }
 

google/default_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package google
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+var saJSONJWT = []byte(`{
+  "type": "service_account",
+  "project_id": "fake_project",
+  "private_key_id": "268f54e43a1af97cfc71731688434f45aca15c8b",
+  "private_key": "super secret key",
+  "client_email": "gopher@developer.gserviceaccount.com",
+  "client_id": "gopher.apps.googleusercontent.com",
+  "auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
+  "token_uri": "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
+  "auth_provider_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs",
+  "client_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/robot/v1/metadata/x509/gopher%40fake_project.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
+}`)
+
+var saJSONJWTUniverseDomain = []byte(`{
+  "type": "service_account",
+  "project_id": "fake_project",
+  "universe_domain": "example.com",
+  "private_key_id": "268f54e43a1af97cfc71731688434f45aca15c8b",
+  "private_key": "super secret key",
+  "client_email": "gopher@developer.gserviceaccount.com",
+  "client_id": "gopher.apps.googleusercontent.com",
+  "auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
+  "token_uri": "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
+  "auth_provider_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs",
+  "client_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/robot/v1/metadata/x509/gopher%40fake_project.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
+}`)
+
+var userJSON = []byte(`{
+  "client_id": "abc123.apps.googleusercontent.com",
+  "client_secret": "shh",
+  "refresh_token": "refreshing",
+  "type": "authorized_user",
+  "quota_project_id": "fake_project2"
+}`)
+
+var userJSONUniverseDomain = []byte(`{
+  "client_id": "abc123.apps.googleusercontent.com",
+  "client_secret": "shh",
+  "refresh_token": "refreshing",
+  "type": "authorized_user",
+  "quota_project_id": "fake_project2",
+  "universe_domain": "example.com"
+}`)
+
+var universeDomain = "example.com"
+
+var universeDomain2 = "apis-tpclp.goog"
+
+func TestCredentialsFromJSONWithParams_SA(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	scope := "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
+	params := CredentialsParams{
+		Scopes: []string{scope},
+	}
+	creds, err := CredentialsFromJSONWithParams(ctx, saJSONJWT, params)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if want := "fake_project"; creds.ProjectID != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.ProjectID, want)
+	}
+	if want := "googleapis.com"; creds.UniverseDomain() != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.UniverseDomain(), want)
+	}
+	if want := "googleapis.com"; creds.UniverseDomain() != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.UniverseDomain(), want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialsFromJSONWithParams_SA_Params_UniverseDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	scope := "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
+	params := CredentialsParams{
+		Scopes:         []string{scope},
+		UniverseDomain: universeDomain2,
+	}
+	creds, err := CredentialsFromJSONWithParams(ctx, saJSONJWT, params)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if want := "fake_project"; creds.ProjectID != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.ProjectID, want)
+	}
+	if creds.UniverseDomain() != universeDomain2 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.UniverseDomain(), universeDomain2)
+	}
+	if creds.UniverseDomain() != universeDomain2 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.UniverseDomain(), universeDomain2)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialsFromJSONWithParams_SA_UniverseDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	scope := "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
+	params := CredentialsParams{
+		Scopes: []string{scope},
+	}
+	creds, err := CredentialsFromJSONWithParams(ctx, saJSONJWTUniverseDomain, params)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if want := "fake_project"; creds.ProjectID != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.ProjectID, want)
+	}
+	if creds.UniverseDomain() != universeDomain {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.UniverseDomain(), universeDomain)
+	}
+	got, err := creds.GetUniverseDomain()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != universeDomain {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", got, universeDomain)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialsFromJSONWithParams_SA_UniverseDomain_Params_UniverseDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	scope := "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
+	params := CredentialsParams{
+		Scopes:         []string{scope},
+		UniverseDomain: universeDomain2,
+	}
+	creds, err := CredentialsFromJSONWithParams(ctx, saJSONJWTUniverseDomain, params)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if want := "fake_project"; creds.ProjectID != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.ProjectID, want)
+	}
+	if creds.UniverseDomain() != universeDomain2 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.UniverseDomain(), universeDomain2)
+	}
+	got, err := creds.GetUniverseDomain()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != universeDomain2 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", got, universeDomain2)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialsFromJSONWithParams_User(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	scope := "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
+	params := CredentialsParams{
+		Scopes: []string{scope},
+	}
+	creds, err := CredentialsFromJSONWithParams(ctx, userJSON, params)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if want := "googleapis.com"; creds.UniverseDomain() != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.UniverseDomain(), want)
+	}
+	got, err := creds.GetUniverseDomain()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if want := "googleapis.com"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialsFromJSONWithParams_User_Params_UniverseDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	scope := "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
+	params := CredentialsParams{
+		Scopes:         []string{scope},
+		UniverseDomain: universeDomain2,
+	}
+	creds, err := CredentialsFromJSONWithParams(ctx, userJSON, params)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if want := "googleapis.com"; creds.UniverseDomain() != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.UniverseDomain(), want)
+	}
+	got, err := creds.GetUniverseDomain()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if want := "googleapis.com"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialsFromJSONWithParams_User_UniverseDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	scope := "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
+	params := CredentialsParams{
+		Scopes: []string{scope},
+	}
+	creds, err := CredentialsFromJSONWithParams(ctx, userJSONUniverseDomain, params)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if want := "googleapis.com"; creds.UniverseDomain() != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.UniverseDomain(), want)
+	}
+	got, err := creds.GetUniverseDomain()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if want := "googleapis.com"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCredentialsFromJSONWithParams_User_UniverseDomain_Params_UniverseDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	scope := "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
+	params := CredentialsParams{
+		Scopes:         []string{scope},
+		UniverseDomain: universeDomain2,
+	}
+	creds, err := CredentialsFromJSONWithParams(ctx, userJSONUniverseDomain, params)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if want := "googleapis.com"; creds.UniverseDomain() != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", creds.UniverseDomain(), want)
+	}
+	got, err := creds.GetUniverseDomain()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if want := "googleapis.com"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestComputeUniverseDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	universeDomainPath := "/computeMetadata/v1/universe/universe_domain"
+	universeDomainResponseBody := "example.com"
+	s := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != universeDomainPath {
+			t.Errorf("got %s, want %s", r.URL.Path, universeDomainPath)
+		}
+		w.Write([]byte(universeDomainResponseBody))
+	}))
+	defer s.Close()
+	t.Setenv("GCE_METADATA_HOST", strings.TrimPrefix(s.URL, "http://"))
+
+	scope := "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
+	params := CredentialsParams{
+		Scopes: []string{scope},
+	}
+	// Copied from FindDefaultCredentialsWithParams, metadata.OnGCE() = true block
+	creds := &Credentials{
+		ProjectID:      "fake_project",
+		TokenSource:    computeTokenSource("", params.EarlyTokenRefresh, params.Scopes...),
+		universeDomain: params.UniverseDomain, // empty
+	}
+	c := make(chan bool)
+	go func() {
+		got, err := creds.GetUniverseDomain() // First conflicting access.
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+		if want := universeDomainResponseBody; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
+		}
+		c <- true
+	}()
+	got, err := creds.GetUniverseDomain() // Second conflicting access.
+	<-c
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+	if want := universeDomainResponseBody; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+
+}

google/doc.go

@@ -101,6 +101,8 @@
 // executable-sourced credentials), please check out:
 // https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/workforce-obtaining-short-lived-credentials#generate_a_configuration_file_for_non-interactive_sign-in
 //
+// # Security considerations
+//
 // Note that this library does not perform any validation on the token_url, token_info_url,
 // or service_account_impersonation_url fields of the credential configuration.
 // It is not recommended to use a credential configuration that you did not generate with

google/google.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata"
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google/internal/externalaccount"
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google/internal/externalaccountauthorizeduser"
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2/jwt"
 )
 
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 var Endpoint = oauth2.Endpoint{
 	AuthURL:       "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
 	TokenURL:      "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
+	DeviceAuthURL: "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/device/code",
 	AuthStyle:     oauth2.AuthStyleInParams,
 }
 
@@ -98,6 +100,7 @@ const (
 	serviceAccountKey                = "service_account"
 	userCredentialsKey               = "authorized_user"
 	externalAccountKey               = "external_account"
+	externalAccountAuthorizedUserKey = "external_account_authorized_user"
 	impersonatedServiceAccount       = "impersonated_service_account"
 )
 
@@ -112,6 +115,7 @@ type credentialsFile struct {
 	AuthURL        string `json:"auth_uri"`
 	TokenURL       string `json:"token_uri"`
 	ProjectID      string `json:"project_id"`
+	UniverseDomain string `json:"universe_domain"`
 
 	// User Credential fields
 	// (These typically come from gcloud auth.)
@@ -131,6 +135,9 @@ type credentialsFile struct {
 	QuotaProjectID                 string                           `json:"quota_project_id"`
 	WorkforcePoolUserProject       string                           `json:"workforce_pool_user_project"`
 
+	// External Account Authorized User fields
+	RevokeURL string `json:"revoke_url"`
+
 	// Service account impersonation
 	SourceCredentials *credentialsFile `json:"source_credentials"`
 }
@@ -199,6 +206,19 @@ func (f *credentialsFile) tokenSource(ctx context.Context, params CredentialsPar
 			WorkforcePoolUserProject: f.WorkforcePoolUserProject,
 		}
 		return cfg.TokenSource(ctx)
+	case externalAccountAuthorizedUserKey:
+		cfg := &externalaccountauthorizeduser.Config{
+			Audience:       f.Audience,
+			RefreshToken:   f.RefreshToken,
+			TokenURL:       f.TokenURLExternal,
+			TokenInfoURL:   f.TokenInfoURL,
+			ClientID:       f.ClientID,
+			ClientSecret:   f.ClientSecret,
+			RevokeURL:      f.RevokeURL,
+			QuotaProjectID: f.QuotaProjectID,
+			Scopes:         params.Scopes,
+		}
+		return cfg.TokenSource(ctx)
 	case impersonatedServiceAccount:
 		if f.ServiceAccountImpersonationURL == "" || f.SourceCredentials == nil {
 			return nil, errors.New("missing 'source_credentials' field or 'service_account_impersonation_url' in credentials")

google/google_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 package google
 
 import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
@@ -137,3 +139,21 @@ func TestJWTConfigFromJSONNoAudience(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Audience = %q; want %q", got, want)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestComputeTokenSource(t *testing.T) {
+	tokenPath := "/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/default/token"
+	tokenResponseBody := `{"access_token":"Sample.Access.Token","token_type":"Bearer","expires_in":3600}`
+	s := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != tokenPath {
+			t.Errorf("got %s, want %s", r.URL.Path, tokenPath)
+		}
+		w.Write([]byte(tokenResponseBody))
+	}))
+	defer s.Close()
+	t.Setenv("GCE_METADATA_HOST", strings.TrimPrefix(s.URL, "http://"))
+	ts := ComputeTokenSource("")
+	_, err := ts.Token()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("ts.Token() = %v", err)
+	}
+}

google/internal/externalaccount/aws.go

@@ -274,49 +274,6 @@ type awsRequest struct {
 	Headers []awsRequestHeader `json:"headers"`
 }
 
-func (cs awsCredentialSource) validateMetadataServers() error {
-	if err := cs.validateMetadataServer(cs.RegionURL, "region_url"); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := cs.validateMetadataServer(cs.CredVerificationURL, "url"); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return cs.validateMetadataServer(cs.IMDSv2SessionTokenURL, "imdsv2_session_token_url")
-}
-
-var validHostnames []string = []string{"169.254.169.254", "fd00:ec2::254"}
-
-func (cs awsCredentialSource) isValidMetadataServer(metadataUrl string) bool {
-	if metadataUrl == "" {
-		// Zero value means use default, which is valid.
-		return true
-	}
-
-	u, err := url.Parse(metadataUrl)
-	if err != nil {
-		// Unparseable URL means invalid
-		return false
-	}
-
-	for _, validHostname := range validHostnames {
-		if u.Hostname() == validHostname {
-			// If it's one of the valid hostnames, everything is good
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	// hostname not found in our allowlist, so not valid
-	return false
-}
-
-func (cs awsCredentialSource) validateMetadataServer(metadataUrl, urlName string) error {
-	if !cs.isValidMetadataServer(metadataUrl) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("oauth2/google: invalid hostname %s for %s", metadataUrl, urlName)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (cs awsCredentialSource) doRequest(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 	if cs.client == nil {
 		cs.client = oauth2.NewClient(cs.ctx, nil)
@@ -339,6 +296,10 @@ func shouldUseMetadataServer() bool {
 	return !canRetrieveRegionFromEnvironment() || !canRetrieveSecurityCredentialFromEnvironment()
 }
 
+func (cs awsCredentialSource) credentialSourceType() string {
+	return "aws"
+}
+
 func (cs awsCredentialSource) subjectToken() (string, error) {
 	if cs.requestSigner == nil {
 		headers := make(map[string]string)

google/internal/externalaccount/aws_test.go

@@ -585,25 +585,18 @@ func getExpectedSubjectToken(url, region, accessKeyID, secretAccessKey, security
 func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequest(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
 	oldNow := now
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
 		now = oldNow
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{})
 	now = setTime(defaultTime)
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -631,25 +624,18 @@ func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequest(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_IMDSv2(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServerWithImdsv2(t)
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
 	oldNow := now
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
 		now = oldNow
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{})
 	now = setTime(defaultTime)
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -677,10 +663,6 @@ func TestAWSCredential_IMDSv2(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequestWithoutSecurityToken(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 	delete(server.Credentials, "Token")
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
@@ -688,15 +670,12 @@ func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequestWithoutSecurityToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
 	oldNow := now
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
 		now = oldNow
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{})
 	now = setTime(defaultTime)
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -724,21 +703,15 @@ func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequestWithoutSecurityToken(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequestWithEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
 	oldNow := now
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
 		now = oldNow
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{
 		"AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID":     "AKIDEXAMPLE",
@@ -746,7 +719,6 @@ func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequestWithEnv(t *testing.T) {
 		"AWS_REGION":            "us-west-1",
 	})
 	now = setTime(defaultTime)
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -774,21 +746,15 @@ func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequestWithEnv(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequestWithDefaultEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
 	oldNow := now
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
 		now = oldNow
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{
 		"AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID":     "AKIDEXAMPLE",
@@ -796,7 +762,6 @@ func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequestWithDefaultEnv(t *testing.T) {
 		"AWS_REGION":            "us-west-1",
 	})
 	now = setTime(defaultTime)
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -823,21 +788,15 @@ func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequestWithDefaultEnv(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequestWithTwoRegions(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
 	oldNow := now
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
 		now = oldNow
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{
 		"AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID":     "AKIDEXAMPLE",
@@ -846,7 +805,6 @@ func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequestWithTwoRegions(t *testing.T) {
 		"AWS_DEFAULT_REGION":    "us-east-1",
 	})
 	now = setTime(defaultTime)
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -873,25 +831,18 @@ func TestAWSCredential_BasicRequestWithTwoRegions(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithBadVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 	tfc.CredentialSource.EnvironmentID = "aws3"
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{})
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
-	_, err = tfc.parse(context.Background())
+	_, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("parse() should have failed")
 	}
@@ -903,23 +854,16 @@ func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithBadVersion(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithNoRegionURL(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 	tfc.CredentialSource.RegionURL = ""
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{})
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -939,23 +883,17 @@ func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithNoRegionURL(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithBadRegionURL(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
+
 	server.WriteRegion = notFound
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{})
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -975,10 +913,7 @@ func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithBadRegionURL(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithMissingCredential(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
+
 	server.WriteSecurityCredentials = func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.Write([]byte("{}"))
 	}
@@ -987,13 +922,10 @@ func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithMissingCredential(t *testing.T) {
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{})
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1013,10 +945,7 @@ func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithMissingCredential(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithIncompleteCredential(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
+
 	server.WriteSecurityCredentials = func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.Write([]byte(`{"AccessKeyId":"FOOBARBAS"}`))
 	}
@@ -1025,13 +954,10 @@ func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithIncompleteCredential(t *testing.T) {
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{})
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1051,23 +977,16 @@ func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithIncompleteCredential(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithNoCredentialURL(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 	tfc.CredentialSource.URL = ""
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{})
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1087,23 +1006,16 @@ func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithNoCredentialURL(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithBadCredentialURL(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 	server.WriteRolename = notFound
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{})
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1123,23 +1035,16 @@ func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithBadCredentialURL(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithBadFinalCredentialURL(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 	server.WriteSecurityCredentials = notFound
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{})
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1159,10 +1064,6 @@ func TestAWSCredential_RequestWithBadFinalCredentialURL(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_ShouldNotCallMetadataEndpointWhenCredsAreInEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 
 	metadataTs := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		t.Error("Metadata server should not have been called.")
@@ -1174,11 +1075,9 @@ func TestAWSCredential_ShouldNotCallMetadataEndpointWhenCredsAreInEnv(t *testing
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
 	oldNow := now
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
 		now = oldNow
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{
 		"AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID":     "AKIDEXAMPLE",
@@ -1186,7 +1085,6 @@ func TestAWSCredential_ShouldNotCallMetadataEndpointWhenCredsAreInEnv(t *testing
 		"AWS_REGION":            "us-west-1",
 	})
 	now = setTime(defaultTime)
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1214,28 +1112,21 @@ func TestAWSCredential_ShouldNotCallMetadataEndpointWhenCredsAreInEnv(t *testing
 func TestAWSCredential_ShouldCallMetadataEndpointWhenNoRegion(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServerWithImdsv2(t)
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
 	oldNow := now
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
 		now = oldNow
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{
 		"AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID":     accessKeyID,
 		"AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY": secretAccessKey,
 	})
 	now = setTime(defaultTime)
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1263,28 +1154,21 @@ func TestAWSCredential_ShouldCallMetadataEndpointWhenNoRegion(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_ShouldCallMetadataEndpointWhenNoAccessKey(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServerWithImdsv2(t)
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
 	oldNow := now
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
 		now = oldNow
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{
 		"AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY": "wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG+bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY",
 		"AWS_REGION":            "us-west-1",
 	})
 	now = setTime(defaultTime)
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1312,28 +1196,21 @@ func TestAWSCredential_ShouldCallMetadataEndpointWhenNoAccessKey(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAWSCredential_ShouldCallMetadataEndpointWhenNoSecretAccessKey(t *testing.T) {
 	server := createDefaultAwsTestServerWithImdsv2(t)
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
-	tsURL, err := neturl.Parse(ts.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't parse httptest servername")
-	}
 
 	tfc := testFileConfig
 	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
 	oldGetenv := getenv
 	oldNow := now
-	oldValidHostnames := validHostnames
 	defer func() {
 		getenv = oldGetenv
 		now = oldNow
-		validHostnames = oldValidHostnames
 	}()
 	getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{
 		"AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID": "AKIDEXAMPLE",
 		"AWS_REGION":        "us-west-1",
 	})
 	now = setTime(defaultTime)
-	validHostnames = []string{tsURL.Hostname()}
 
 	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1358,87 +1235,19 @@ func TestAWSCredential_ShouldCallMetadataEndpointWhenNoSecretAccessKey(t *testin
 	}
 }
 
-func TestAWSCredential_Validations(t *testing.T) {
-	var metadataServerValidityTests = []struct {
-		name       string
-		credSource CredentialSource
-		errText    string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "No Metadata Server URLs",
-			credSource: CredentialSource{
-				EnvironmentID:         "aws1",
-				RegionURL:             "",
-				URL:                   "",
-				IMDSv2SessionTokenURL: "",
-			},
-		}, {
-			name: "IPv4 Metadata Server URLs",
-			credSource: CredentialSource{
-				EnvironmentID:         "aws1",
-				RegionURL:             "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone",
-				URL:                   "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials",
-				IMDSv2SessionTokenURL: "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token",
-			},
-		}, {
-			name: "IPv6 Metadata Server URLs",
-			credSource: CredentialSource{
-				EnvironmentID:         "aws1",
-				RegionURL:             "http://[fd00:ec2::254]/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone",
-				URL:                   "http://[fd00:ec2::254]/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials",
-				IMDSv2SessionTokenURL: "http://[fd00:ec2::254]/latest/api/token",
-			},
-		}, {
-			name: "Faulty RegionURL",
-			credSource: CredentialSource{
-				EnvironmentID:         "aws1",
-				RegionURL:             "http://abc.com/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone",
-				URL:                   "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials",
-				IMDSv2SessionTokenURL: "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token",
-			},
-			errText: "oauth2/google: invalid hostname http://abc.com/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone for region_url",
-		}, {
-			name: "Faulty CredVerificationURL",
-			credSource: CredentialSource{
-				EnvironmentID:         "aws1",
-				RegionURL:             "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone",
-				URL:                   "http://abc.com/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials",
-				IMDSv2SessionTokenURL: "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token",
-			},
-			errText: "oauth2/google: invalid hostname http://abc.com/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials for url",
-		}, {
-			name: "Faulty IMDSv2SessionTokenURL",
-			credSource: CredentialSource{
-				EnvironmentID:         "aws1",
-				RegionURL:             "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone",
-				URL:                   "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials",
-				IMDSv2SessionTokenURL: "http://abc.com/latest/api/token",
-			},
-			errText: "oauth2/google: invalid hostname http://abc.com/latest/api/token for imdsv2_session_token_url",
-		},
-	}
+func TestAwsCredential_CredentialSourceType(t *testing.T) {
+	server := createDefaultAwsTestServer()
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(server)
 
-	for _, tt := range metadataServerValidityTests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 	tfc := testFileConfig
-			tfc.CredentialSource = tt.credSource
+	tfc.CredentialSource = server.getCredentialSource(ts.URL)
 
-			oldGetenv := getenv
-			defer func() { getenv = oldGetenv }()
-			getenv = setEnvironment(map[string]string{})
-
-			_, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
+	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
-				if tt.errText == "" {
-					t.Errorf("Didn't expect an error, but got %v", err)
-				} else if tt.errText != err.Error() {
-					t.Errorf("Expected %v, but got %v", tt.errText, err)
+		t.Fatalf("parse() failed %v", err)
 	}
-			} else {
-				if tt.errText != "" {
-					t.Errorf("Expected error %v, but got none", tt.errText)
-				}
-			}
-		})
+
+	if got, want := base.credentialSourceType(), "aws"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("got %v but want %v", got, want)
 	}
 }

google/internal/externalaccount/basecredentials.go

@@ -8,13 +8,12 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google/internal/stsexchange"
 )
 
 // now aliases time.Now for testing
@@ -63,31 +62,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	WorkforcePoolUserProject string
 }
 
-// Each element consists of a list of patterns.  validateURLs checks for matches
-// that include all elements in a given list, in that order.
-
 var (
 	validWorkforceAudiencePattern *regexp.Regexp = regexp.MustCompile(`//iam\.googleapis\.com/locations/[^/]+/workforcePools/`)
 )
 
-func validateURL(input string, patterns []*regexp.Regexp, scheme string) bool {
-	parsed, err := url.Parse(input)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	if !strings.EqualFold(parsed.Scheme, scheme) {
-		return false
-	}
-	toTest := parsed.Host
-
-	for _, pattern := range patterns {
-		if pattern.MatchString(toTest) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 func validateWorkforceAudience(input string) bool {
 	return validWorkforceAudiencePattern.MatchString(input)
 }
@@ -185,10 +163,6 @@ func (c *Config) parse(ctx context.Context) (baseCredentialSource, error) {
 				awsCredSource.IMDSv2SessionTokenURL = c.CredentialSource.IMDSv2SessionTokenURL
 			}
 
-			if err := awsCredSource.validateMetadataServers(); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
 			return awsCredSource, nil
 		}
 	} else if c.CredentialSource.File != "" {
@@ -202,6 +176,7 @@ func (c *Config) parse(ctx context.Context) (baseCredentialSource, error) {
 }
 
 type baseCredentialSource interface {
+	credentialSourceType() string
 	subjectToken() (string, error)
 }
 
@@ -211,6 +186,15 @@ type tokenSource struct {
 	conf *Config
 }
 
+func getMetricsHeaderValue(conf *Config, credSource baseCredentialSource) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("gl-go/%s auth/%s google-byoid-sdk source/%s sa-impersonation/%t config-lifetime/%t",
+		goVersion(),
+		"unknown",
+		credSource.credentialSourceType(),
+		conf.ServiceAccountImpersonationURL != "",
+		conf.ServiceAccountImpersonationLifetimeSeconds != 0)
+}
+
 // Token allows tokenSource to conform to the oauth2.TokenSource interface.
 func (ts tokenSource) Token() (*oauth2.Token, error) {
 	conf := ts.conf
@@ -224,7 +208,7 @@ func (ts tokenSource) Token() (*oauth2.Token, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	stsRequest := stsTokenExchangeRequest{
+	stsRequest := stsexchange.TokenExchangeRequest{
 		GrantType:          "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:token-exchange",
 		Audience:           conf.Audience,
 		Scope:              conf.Scopes,
@@ -234,7 +218,8 @@ func (ts tokenSource) Token() (*oauth2.Token, error) {
 	}
 	header := make(http.Header)
 	header.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
-	clientAuth := clientAuthentication{
+	header.Add("x-goog-api-client", getMetricsHeaderValue(conf, credSource))
+	clientAuth := stsexchange.ClientAuthentication{
 		AuthStyle:    oauth2.AuthStyleInHeader,
 		ClientID:     conf.ClientID,
 		ClientSecret: conf.ClientSecret,
@@ -247,7 +232,7 @@ func (ts tokenSource) Token() (*oauth2.Token, error) {
 			"userProject": conf.WorkforcePoolUserProject,
 		}
 	}
-	stsResp, err := exchangeToken(ts.ctx, conf.TokenURL, &stsRequest, clientAuth, header, options)
+	stsResp, err := stsexchange.ExchangeToken(ts.ctx, conf.TokenURL, &stsRequest, clientAuth, header, options)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

google/internal/externalaccount/basecredentials_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package externalaccount
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ type testExchangeTokenServer struct {
 	url           string
 	authorization string
 	contentType   string
+	metricsHeader string
 	body          string
 	response      string
 }
@@ -68,6 +70,10 @@ func run(t *testing.T, config *Config, tets *testExchangeTokenServer) (*oauth2.T
 		if got, want := headerContentType, tets.contentType; got != want {
 			t.Errorf("got %v but want %v", got, want)
 		}
+		headerMetrics := r.Header.Get("x-goog-api-client")
+		if got, want := headerMetrics, tets.metricsHeader; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("got %v but want %v", got, want)
+		}
 		body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Failed reading request body: %s.", err)
@@ -106,6 +112,10 @@ func validateToken(t *testing.T, tok *oauth2.Token) {
 	}
 }
 
+func getExpectedMetricsHeader(source string, saImpersonation bool, configLifetime bool) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("gl-go/%s auth/unknown google-byoid-sdk source/%s sa-impersonation/%t config-lifetime/%t", goVersion(), source, saImpersonation, configLifetime)
+}
+
 func TestToken(t *testing.T) {
 	config := Config{
 		Audience:         "32555940559.apps.googleusercontent.com",
@@ -120,6 +130,7 @@ func TestToken(t *testing.T) {
 		url:           "/",
 		authorization: "Basic cmJyZ25vZ25yaG9uZ28zYmk0Z2I5Z2hnOWc6bm90c29zZWNyZXQ=",
 		contentType:   "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+		metricsHeader: getExpectedMetricsHeader("file", false, false),
 		body:          baseCredsRequestBody,
 		response:      baseCredsResponseBody,
 	}
@@ -147,6 +158,7 @@ func TestWorkforcePoolTokenWithClientID(t *testing.T) {
 		url:           "/",
 		authorization: "Basic cmJyZ25vZ25yaG9uZ28zYmk0Z2I5Z2hnOWc6bm90c29zZWNyZXQ=",
 		contentType:   "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+		metricsHeader: getExpectedMetricsHeader("file", false, false),
 		body:          workforcePoolRequestBodyWithClientId,
 		response:      baseCredsResponseBody,
 	}
@@ -173,6 +185,7 @@ func TestWorkforcePoolTokenWithoutClientID(t *testing.T) {
 		url:           "/",
 		authorization: "",
 		contentType:   "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+		metricsHeader: getExpectedMetricsHeader("file", false, false),
 		body:          workforcePoolRequestBodyWithoutClientId,
 		response:      baseCredsResponseBody,
 	}

google/internal/externalaccount/executablecredsource.go

@@ -233,6 +233,10 @@ func (cs executableCredentialSource) parseSubjectTokenFromSource(response []byte
 	return "", tokenTypeError(source)
 }
 
+func (cs executableCredentialSource) credentialSourceType() string {
+	return "executable"
+}
+
 func (cs executableCredentialSource) subjectToken() (string, error) {
 	if token, err := cs.getTokenFromOutputFile(); token != "" || err != nil {
 		return token, err

google/internal/externalaccount/executablecredsource_test.go

@@ -150,6 +150,9 @@ func TestCreateExecutableCredential(t *testing.T) {
 				if ecs.Timeout != tt.expectedTimeout {
 					t.Errorf("ecs.Timeout got %v but want %v", ecs.Timeout, tt.expectedTimeout)
 				}
+				if ecs.credentialSourceType() != "executable" {
+					t.Errorf("ecs.CredentialSourceType() got %s but want executable", ecs.credentialSourceType())
+				}
 			}
 		})
 	}

google/internal/externalaccount/filecredsource.go

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ type fileCredentialSource struct {
 	Format format
 }
 
+func (cs fileCredentialSource) credentialSourceType() string {
+	return "file"
+}
+
 func (cs fileCredentialSource) subjectToken() (string, error) {
 	tokenFile, err := os.Open(cs.File)
 	if err != nil {

google/internal/externalaccount/filecredsource_test.go

@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ func TestRetrieveFileSubjectToken(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Errorf("got %v but want %v", out, test.want)
 			}
 
+			if got, want := base.credentialSourceType(), "file"; got != want {
+				t.Errorf("got %v but want %v", got, want)
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }

google/internal/externalaccount/header.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package externalaccount
+
+import (
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+)
+
+var (
+	// version is a package internal global variable for testing purposes.
+	version = runtime.Version
+)
+
+// versionUnknown is only used when the runtime version cannot be determined.
+const versionUnknown = "UNKNOWN"
+
+// goVersion returns a Go runtime version derived from the runtime environment
+// that is modified to be suitable for reporting in a header, meaning it has no
+// whitespace. If it is unable to determine the Go runtime version, it returns
+// versionUnknown.
+func goVersion() string {
+	const develPrefix = "devel +"
+
+	s := version()
+	if strings.HasPrefix(s, develPrefix) {
+		s = s[len(develPrefix):]
+		if p := strings.IndexFunc(s, unicode.IsSpace); p >= 0 {
+			s = s[:p]
+		}
+		return s
+	} else if p := strings.IndexFunc(s, unicode.IsSpace); p >= 0 {
+		s = s[:p]
+	}
+
+	notSemverRune := func(r rune) bool {
+		return !strings.ContainsRune("0123456789.", r)
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(s, "go1") {
+		s = s[2:]
+		var prerelease string
+		if p := strings.IndexFunc(s, notSemverRune); p >= 0 {
+			s, prerelease = s[:p], s[p:]
+		}
+		if strings.HasSuffix(s, ".") {
+			s += "0"
+		} else if strings.Count(s, ".") < 2 {
+			s += ".0"
+		}
+		if prerelease != "" {
+			// Some release candidates already have a dash in them.
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(prerelease, "-") {
+				prerelease = "-" + prerelease
+			}
+			s += prerelease
+		}
+		return s
+	}
+	return "UNKNOWN"
+}

google/internal/externalaccount/header_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package externalaccount
+
+import (
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+)
+
+func TestGoVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	testVersion := func(v string) func() string {
+		return func() string {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	for _, tst := range []struct {
+		v    func() string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{
+			testVersion("go1.19"),
+			"1.19.0",
+		},
+		{
+			testVersion("go1.21-20230317-RC01"),
+			"1.21.0-20230317-RC01",
+		},
+		{
+			testVersion("devel +abc1234"),
+			"abc1234",
+		},
+		{
+			testVersion("this should be unknown"),
+			versionUnknown,
+		},
+	} {
+		version = tst.v
+		got := goVersion()
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(got, tst.want); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("got(-),want(+):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+	}
+	version = runtime.Version
+}

google/internal/externalaccount/impersonate_test.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func createImpersonationServer(urlWanted, authWanted, bodyWanted, response strin
 	}))
 }
 
-func createTargetServer(t *testing.T) *httptest.Server {
+func createTargetServer(metricsHeaderWanted string, t *testing.T) *httptest.Server {
 	return httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if got, want := r.URL.String(), "/"; got != want {
 			t.Errorf("URL.String(): got %v but want %v", got, want)
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ func createTargetServer(t *testing.T) *httptest.Server {
 		if got, want := headerContentType, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; got != want {
 			t.Errorf("got %v but want %v", got, want)
 		}
+		headerMetrics := r.Header.Get("x-goog-api-client")
+		if got, want := headerMetrics, metricsHeaderWanted; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("got %v but want %v", got, want)
+		}
 		body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Failed reading request body: %v.", err)
@@ -71,6 +75,7 @@ var impersonationTests = []struct {
 	name                      string
 	config                    Config
 	expectedImpersonationBody string
+	expectedMetricsHeader     string
 }{
 	{
 		name: "Base Impersonation",
@@ -84,6 +89,7 @@ var impersonationTests = []struct {
 			Scopes:           []string{"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.full_control"},
 		},
 		expectedImpersonationBody: "{\"lifetime\":\"3600s\",\"scope\":[\"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.full_control\"]}",
+		expectedMetricsHeader:     getExpectedMetricsHeader("file", true, false),
 	},
 	{
 		name: "With TokenLifetime Set",
@@ -98,6 +104,7 @@ var impersonationTests = []struct {
 			ServiceAccountImpersonationLifetimeSeconds: 10000,
 		},
 		expectedImpersonationBody: "{\"lifetime\":\"10000s\",\"scope\":[\"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.full_control\"]}",
+		expectedMetricsHeader:     getExpectedMetricsHeader("file", true, true),
 	},
 }
 
@@ -109,7 +116,7 @@ func TestImpersonation(t *testing.T) {
 			defer impersonateServer.Close()
 			testImpersonateConfig.ServiceAccountImpersonationURL = impersonateServer.URL
 
-			targetServer := createTargetServer(t)
+			targetServer := createTargetServer(tt.expectedMetricsHeader, t)
 			defer targetServer.Close()
 			testImpersonateConfig.TokenURL = targetServer.URL
 

google/internal/externalaccount/urlcredsource.go

@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ type urlCredentialSource struct {
 	ctx     context.Context
 }
 
+func (cs urlCredentialSource) credentialSourceType() string {
+	return "url"
+}
+
 func (cs urlCredentialSource) subjectToken() (string, error) {
 	client := oauth2.NewClient(cs.ctx, nil)
 	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", cs.URL, nil)

google/internal/externalaccount/urlcredsource_test.go

@@ -111,3 +111,21 @@ func TestRetrieveURLSubjectToken_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("got %v but want %v", out, myURLToken)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestURLCredential_CredentialSourceType(t *testing.T) {
+	cs := CredentialSource{
+		URL:    "http://example.com",
+		Format: format{Type: fileTypeText},
+	}
+	tfc := testFileConfig
+	tfc.CredentialSource = cs
+
+	base, err := tfc.parse(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse() failed %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got, want := base.credentialSourceType(), "url"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("got %v but want %v", got, want)
+	}
+}

google/internal/externalaccountauthorizeduser/externalaccountauthorizeduser.go

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package externalaccountauthorizeduser
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google/internal/stsexchange"
+)
+
+// now aliases time.Now for testing.
+var now = func() time.Time {
+	return time.Now().UTC()
+}
+
+var tokenValid = func(token oauth2.Token) bool {
+	return token.Valid()
+}
+
+type Config struct {
+	// Audience is the Secure Token Service (STS) audience which contains the resource name for the workforce pool and
+	// the provider identifier in that pool.
+	Audience string
+	// RefreshToken is the optional OAuth 2.0 refresh token. If specified, credentials can be refreshed.
+	RefreshToken string
+	// TokenURL is the optional STS token exchange endpoint for refresh. Must be specified for refresh, can be left as
+	// None if the token can not be refreshed.
+	TokenURL string
+	// TokenInfoURL is the optional STS endpoint URL for token introspection.
+	TokenInfoURL string
+	// ClientID is only required in conjunction with ClientSecret, as described above.
+	ClientID string
+	// ClientSecret is currently only required if token_info endpoint also needs to be called with the generated GCP
+	// access token. When provided, STS will be called with additional basic authentication using client_id as username
+	// and client_secret as password.
+	ClientSecret string
+	// Token is the OAuth2.0 access token. Can be nil if refresh information is provided.
+	Token string
+	// Expiry is the optional expiration datetime of the OAuth 2.0 access token.
+	Expiry time.Time
+	// RevokeURL is the optional STS endpoint URL for revoking tokens.
+	RevokeURL string
+	// QuotaProjectID is the optional project ID used for quota and billing. This project may be different from the
+	// project used to create the credentials.
+	QuotaProjectID string
+	Scopes         []string
+}
+
+func (c *Config) canRefresh() bool {
+	return c.ClientID != "" && c.ClientSecret != "" && c.RefreshToken != "" && c.TokenURL != ""
+}
+
+func (c *Config) TokenSource(ctx context.Context) (oauth2.TokenSource, error) {
+	var token oauth2.Token
+	if c.Token != "" && !c.Expiry.IsZero() {
+		token = oauth2.Token{
+			AccessToken: c.Token,
+			Expiry:      c.Expiry,
+			TokenType:   "Bearer",
+		}
+	}
+	if !tokenValid(token) && !c.canRefresh() {
+		return nil, errors.New("oauth2/google: Token should be created with fields to make it valid (`token` and `expiry`), or fields to allow it to refresh (`refresh_token`, `token_url`, `client_id`, `client_secret`).")
+	}
+
+	ts := tokenSource{
+		ctx:  ctx,
+		conf: c,
+	}
+
+	return oauth2.ReuseTokenSource(&token, ts), nil
+}
+
+type tokenSource struct {
+	ctx  context.Context
+	conf *Config
+}
+
+func (ts tokenSource) Token() (*oauth2.Token, error) {
+	conf := ts.conf
+	if !conf.canRefresh() {
+		return nil, errors.New("oauth2/google: The credentials do not contain the necessary fields need to refresh the access token. You must specify refresh_token, token_url, client_id, and client_secret.")
+	}
+
+	clientAuth := stsexchange.ClientAuthentication{
+		AuthStyle:    oauth2.AuthStyleInHeader,
+		ClientID:     conf.ClientID,
+		ClientSecret: conf.ClientSecret,
+	}
+
+	stsResponse, err := stsexchange.RefreshAccessToken(ts.ctx, conf.TokenURL, conf.RefreshToken, clientAuth, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if stsResponse.ExpiresIn < 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("oauth2/google: got invalid expiry from security token service")
+	}
+
+	if stsResponse.RefreshToken != "" {
+		conf.RefreshToken = stsResponse.RefreshToken
+	}
+
+	token := &oauth2.Token{
+		AccessToken: stsResponse.AccessToken,
+		Expiry:      now().Add(time.Duration(stsResponse.ExpiresIn) * time.Second),
+		TokenType:   "Bearer",
+	}
+	return token, nil
+}

google/internal/externalaccountauthorizeduser/externalaccountauthorizeduser_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package externalaccountauthorizeduser
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google/internal/stsexchange"
+)
+
+const expiryDelta = 10 * time.Second
+
+var (
+	expiry    = time.Unix(234852, 0)
+	testNow   = func() time.Time { return expiry }
+	testValid = func(t oauth2.Token) bool {
+		return t.AccessToken != "" && !t.Expiry.Round(0).Add(-expiryDelta).Before(testNow())
+	}
+)
+
+type testRefreshTokenServer struct {
+	URL             string
+	Authorization   string
+	ContentType     string
+	Body            string
+	ResponsePayload *stsexchange.Response
+	Response        string
+	server          *httptest.Server
+}
+
+func TestExernalAccountAuthorizedUser_JustToken(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &Config{
+		Token:  "AAAAAAA",
+		Expiry: now().Add(time.Hour),
+	}
+	ts, err := config.TokenSource(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error getting token source: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	token, err := ts.Token()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error retrieving Token: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got, want := token.AccessToken, "AAAAAAA"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected access token, got %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExernalAccountAuthorizedUser_TokenRefreshWithRefreshTokenInRespondse(t *testing.T) {
+	server := &testRefreshTokenServer{
+		URL:           "/",
+		Authorization: "Basic Q0xJRU5UX0lEOkNMSUVOVF9TRUNSRVQ=",
+		ContentType:   "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+		Body:          "grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=BBBBBBBBB",
+		ResponsePayload: &stsexchange.Response{
+			ExpiresIn:    3600,
+			AccessToken:  "AAAAAAA",
+			RefreshToken: "CCCCCCC",
+		},
+	}
+
+	url, err := server.run(t)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error starting server")
+	}
+	defer server.close(t)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		RefreshToken: "BBBBBBBBB",
+		TokenURL:     url,
+		ClientID:     "CLIENT_ID",
+		ClientSecret: "CLIENT_SECRET",
+	}
+	ts, err := config.TokenSource(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error getting token source: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	token, err := ts.Token()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error retrieving Token: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got, want := token.AccessToken, "AAAAAAA"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected access token, got %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+	if config.RefreshToken != "CCCCCCC" {
+		t.Fatalf("Refresh token not updated")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExernalAccountAuthorizedUser_MinimumFieldsRequiredForRefresh(t *testing.T) {
+	server := &testRefreshTokenServer{
+		URL:           "/",
+		Authorization: "Basic Q0xJRU5UX0lEOkNMSUVOVF9TRUNSRVQ=",
+		ContentType:   "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+		Body:          "grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=BBBBBBBBB",
+		ResponsePayload: &stsexchange.Response{
+			ExpiresIn:   3600,
+			AccessToken: "AAAAAAA",
+		},
+	}
+
+	url, err := server.run(t)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error starting server")
+	}
+	defer server.close(t)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		RefreshToken: "BBBBBBBBB",
+		TokenURL:     url,
+		ClientID:     "CLIENT_ID",
+		ClientSecret: "CLIENT_SECRET",
+	}
+	ts, err := config.TokenSource(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error getting token source: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	token, err := ts.Token()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error retrieving Token: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got, want := token.AccessToken, "AAAAAAA"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected access token, got %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExternalAccountAuthorizedUser_MissingRefreshFields(t *testing.T) {
+	server := &testRefreshTokenServer{
+		URL:           "/",
+		Authorization: "Basic Q0xJRU5UX0lEOkNMSUVOVF9TRUNSRVQ=",
+		ContentType:   "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+		Body:          "grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=BBBBBBBBB",
+		ResponsePayload: &stsexchange.Response{
+			ExpiresIn:   3600,
+			AccessToken: "AAAAAAA",
+		},
+	}
+
+	url, err := server.run(t)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error starting server")
+	}
+	defer server.close(t)
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		config Config
+	}{
+		{
+			name:   "empty config",
+			config: Config{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing refresh token",
+			config: Config{
+				TokenURL:     url,
+				ClientID:     "CLIENT_ID",
+				ClientSecret: "CLIENT_SECRET",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing token url",
+			config: Config{
+				RefreshToken: "BBBBBBBBB",
+				ClientID:     "CLIENT_ID",
+				ClientSecret: "CLIENT_SECRET",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing client id",
+			config: Config{
+				RefreshToken: "BBBBBBBBB",
+				TokenURL:     url,
+				ClientSecret: "CLIENT_SECRET",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing client secrect",
+			config: Config{
+				RefreshToken: "BBBBBBBBB",
+				TokenURL:     url,
+				ClientID:     "CLIENT_ID",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+
+			expectErrMsg := "oauth2/google: Token should be created with fields to make it valid (`token` and `expiry`), or fields to allow it to refresh (`refresh_token`, `token_url`, `client_id`, `client_secret`)."
+			_, err := tc.config.TokenSource((context.Background()))
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Expected error, but received none")
+			}
+			if got := err.Error(); got != expectErrMsg {
+				t.Fatalf("Unexpected error, got %v, want %v", got, expectErrMsg)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func (trts *testRefreshTokenServer) run(t *testing.T) (string, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if trts.server != nil {
+		return "", errors.New("Server is already running")
+	}
+	trts.server = httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if got, want := r.URL.String(), trts.URL; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("URL.String(): got %v but want %v", got, want)
+		}
+		headerAuth := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
+		if got, want := headerAuth, trts.Authorization; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("got %v but want %v", got, want)
+		}
+		headerContentType := r.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+		if got, want := headerContentType, trts.ContentType; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("got %v but want %v", got, want)
+		}
+		body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Failed reading request body: %s.", err)
+		}
+		if got, want := string(body), trts.Body; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected exchange payload: got %v but want %v", got, want)
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		if trts.ResponsePayload != nil {
+			content, err := json.Marshal(trts.ResponsePayload)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unable to marshall response JSON")
+			}
+			w.Write(content)
+		} else {
+			w.Write([]byte(trts.Response))
+		}
+	}))
+	return trts.server.URL, nil
+}
+
+func (trts *testRefreshTokenServer) close(t *testing.T) error {
+	t.Helper()
+	if trts.server == nil {
+		return errors.New("No server is running")
+	}
+	trts.server.Close()
+	trts.server = nil
+	return nil
+}

google/internal/stsexchange/clientauth.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-package externalaccount
+package stsexchange
 
 import (
 	"encoding/base64"
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
 )
 
-// clientAuthentication represents an OAuth client ID and secret and the mechanism for passing these credentials as stated in rfc6749#2.3.1.
-type clientAuthentication struct {
+// ClientAuthentication represents an OAuth client ID and secret and the mechanism for passing these credentials as stated in rfc6749#2.3.1.
+type ClientAuthentication struct {
 	// AuthStyle can be either basic or request-body
 	AuthStyle    oauth2.AuthStyle
 	ClientID     string
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ type clientAuthentication struct {
 // InjectAuthentication is used to add authentication to a Secure Token Service exchange
 // request.  It modifies either the passed url.Values or http.Header depending on the desired
 // authentication format.
-func (c *clientAuthentication) InjectAuthentication(values url.Values, headers http.Header) {
+func (c *ClientAuthentication) InjectAuthentication(values url.Values, headers http.Header) {
 	if c.ClientID == "" || c.ClientSecret == "" || values == nil || headers == nil {
 		return
 	}

google/internal/stsexchange/clientauth_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-package externalaccount
+package stsexchange
 
 import (
 	"net/http"
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func TestClientAuthentication_InjectHeaderAuthentication(t *testing.T) {
 		"Content-Type": ContentType,
 	}
 
-	headerAuthentication := clientAuthentication{
+	headerAuthentication := ClientAuthentication{
 		AuthStyle:    oauth2.AuthStyleInHeader,
 		ClientID:     clientID,
 		ClientSecret: clientSecret,
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func TestClientAuthentication_ParamsAuthentication(t *testing.T) {
 	headerP := http.Header{
 		"Content-Type": ContentType,
 	}
-	paramsAuthentication := clientAuthentication{
+	paramsAuthentication := ClientAuthentication{
 		AuthStyle:    oauth2.AuthStyleInParams,
 		ClientID:     clientID,
 		ClientSecret: clientSecret,

google/internal/stsexchange/sts_exchange.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-package externalaccount
+package stsexchange
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -18,14 +18,17 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
 )
 
-// exchangeToken performs an oauth2 token exchange with the provided endpoint.
+func defaultHeader() http.Header {
+	header := make(http.Header)
+	header.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+	return header
+}
+
+// ExchangeToken performs an oauth2 token exchange with the provided endpoint.
 // The first 4 fields are all mandatory.  headers can be used to pass additional
 // headers beyond the bare minimum required by the token exchange.  options can
 // be used to pass additional JSON-structured options to the remote server.
-func exchangeToken(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, request *stsTokenExchangeRequest, authentication clientAuthentication, headers http.Header, options map[string]interface{}) (*stsTokenExchangeResponse, error) {
-
-	client := oauth2.NewClient(ctx, nil)
-
+func ExchangeToken(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, request *TokenExchangeRequest, authentication ClientAuthentication, headers http.Header, options map[string]interface{}) (*Response, error) {
 	data := url.Values{}
 	data.Set("audience", request.Audience)
 	data.Set("grant_type", "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:token-exchange")
@@ -41,13 +44,28 @@ func exchangeToken(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, request *stsTokenExchan
 		data.Set("options", string(opts))
 	}
 
+	return makeRequest(ctx, endpoint, data, authentication, headers)
+}
+
+func RefreshAccessToken(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, refreshToken string, authentication ClientAuthentication, headers http.Header) (*Response, error) {
+	data := url.Values{}
+	data.Set("grant_type", "refresh_token")
+	data.Set("refresh_token", refreshToken)
+
+	return makeRequest(ctx, endpoint, data, authentication, headers)
+}
+
+func makeRequest(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, data url.Values, authentication ClientAuthentication, headers http.Header) (*Response, error) {
+	if headers == nil {
+		headers = defaultHeader()
+	}
+	client := oauth2.NewClient(ctx, nil)
 	authentication.InjectAuthentication(data, headers)
 	encodedData := data.Encode()
 
 	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", endpoint, strings.NewReader(encodedData))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("oauth2/google: failed to properly build http request: %v", err)
-
 	}
 	req = req.WithContext(ctx)
 	for key, list := range headers {
@@ -71,7 +89,7 @@ func exchangeToken(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, request *stsTokenExchan
 	if c := resp.StatusCode; c < 200 || c > 299 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("oauth2/google: status code %d: %s", c, body)
 	}
-	var stsResp stsTokenExchangeResponse
+	var stsResp Response
 	err = json.Unmarshal(body, &stsResp)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("oauth2/google: failed to unmarshal response body from Secure Token Server: %v", err)
@@ -81,8 +99,8 @@ func exchangeToken(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, request *stsTokenExchan
 	return &stsResp, nil
 }
 
-// stsTokenExchangeRequest contains fields necessary to make an oauth2 token exchange.
-type stsTokenExchangeRequest struct {
+// TokenExchangeRequest contains fields necessary to make an oauth2 token exchange.
+type TokenExchangeRequest struct {
 	ActingParty struct {
 		ActorToken     string
 		ActorTokenType string
@@ -96,8 +114,8 @@ type stsTokenExchangeRequest struct {
 	SubjectTokenType   string
 }
 
-// stsTokenExchangeResponse is used to decode the remote server response during an oauth2 token exchange.
-type stsTokenExchangeResponse struct {
+// Response is used to decode the remote server response during an oauth2 token exchange.
+type Response struct {
 	AccessToken     string `json:"access_token"`
 	IssuedTokenType string `json:"issued_token_type"`
 	TokenType       string `json:"token_type"`

google/internal/stsexchange/sts_exchange_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-package externalaccount
+package stsexchange
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
 )
 
-var auth = clientAuthentication{
+var auth = ClientAuthentication{
 	AuthStyle:    oauth2.AuthStyleInHeader,
 	ClientID:     clientID,
 	ClientSecret: clientSecret,
 }
 
-var tokenRequest = stsTokenExchangeRequest{
+var exchangeTokenRequest = TokenExchangeRequest{
 	ActingParty: struct {
 		ActorToken     string
 		ActorTokenType string
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ var tokenRequest = stsTokenExchangeRequest{
 	SubjectTokenType:   "urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:jwt",
 }
 
-var requestbody = "audience=32555940559.apps.googleusercontent.com&grant_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Agrant-type%3Atoken-exchange&requested_token_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Atoken-type%3Aaccess_token&scope=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.googleapis.com%2Fauth%2Fdevstorage.full_control&subject_token=Sample.Subject.Token&subject_token_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Atoken-type%3Ajwt"
-var responseBody = `{"access_token":"Sample.Access.Token","issued_token_type":"urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:access_token","token_type":"Bearer","expires_in":3600,"scope":"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"}`
-var expectedToken = stsTokenExchangeResponse{
+var exchangeRequestBody = "audience=32555940559.apps.googleusercontent.com&grant_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Agrant-type%3Atoken-exchange&requested_token_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Atoken-type%3Aaccess_token&scope=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.googleapis.com%2Fauth%2Fdevstorage.full_control&subject_token=Sample.Subject.Token&subject_token_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Atoken-type%3Ajwt"
+var exchangeResponseBody = `{"access_token":"Sample.Access.Token","issued_token_type":"urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:access_token","token_type":"Bearer","expires_in":3600,"scope":"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"}`
+var expectedExchangeToken = Response{
 	AccessToken:     "Sample.Access.Token",
 	IssuedTokenType: "urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:access_token",
 	TokenType:       "Bearer",
@@ -47,6 +47,18 @@ var expectedToken = stsTokenExchangeResponse{
 	RefreshToken:    "",
 }
 
+var refreshToken = "ReFrEsHtOkEn"
+var refreshRequestBody = "grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=" + refreshToken
+var refreshResponseBody = `{"access_token":"Sample.Access.Token","issued_token_type":"urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:access_token","token_type":"Bearer","expires_in":3600,"scope":"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform","refresh_token":"REFRESHED_REFRESH"}`
+var expectedRefreshResponse = Response{
+	AccessToken:     "Sample.Access.Token",
+	IssuedTokenType: "urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:access_token",
+	TokenType:       "Bearer",
+	ExpiresIn:       3600,
+	Scope:           "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform",
+	RefreshToken:    "REFRESHED_REFRESH",
+}
+
 func TestExchangeToken(t *testing.T) {
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if r.Method != "POST" {
@@ -65,26 +77,34 @@ func TestExchangeToken(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Errorf("Failed reading request body: %v.", err)
 		}
-		if got, want := string(body), requestbody; got != want {
+		if got, want := string(body), exchangeRequestBody; got != want {
 			t.Errorf("Unexpected exchange payload, got %v but want %v", got, want)
 		}
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-		w.Write([]byte(responseBody))
+		w.Write([]byte(exchangeResponseBody))
 	}))
 	defer ts.Close()
 
 	headers := http.Header{}
 	headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
 
-	resp, err := exchangeToken(context.Background(), ts.URL, &tokenRequest, auth, headers, nil)
+	resp, err := ExchangeToken(context.Background(), ts.URL, &exchangeTokenRequest, auth, headers, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("exchangeToken failed with error: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if expectedToken != *resp {
-		t.Errorf("mismatched messages received by mock server.  \nWant: \n%v\n\nGot:\n%v", expectedToken, *resp)
+	if expectedExchangeToken != *resp {
+		t.Errorf("mismatched messages received by mock server.  \nWant: \n%v\n\nGot:\n%v", expectedExchangeToken, *resp)
 	}
 
+	resp, err = ExchangeToken(context.Background(), ts.URL, &exchangeTokenRequest, auth, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("exchangeToken failed with error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if expectedExchangeToken != *resp {
+		t.Errorf("mismatched messages received by mock server.  \nWant: \n%v\n\nGot:\n%v", expectedExchangeToken, *resp)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestExchangeToken_Err(t *testing.T) {
@@ -96,7 +116,7 @@ func TestExchangeToken_Err(t *testing.T) {
 
 	headers := http.Header{}
 	headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
-	_, err := exchangeToken(context.Background(), ts.URL, &tokenRequest, auth, headers, nil)
+	_, err := ExchangeToken(context.Background(), ts.URL, &exchangeTokenRequest, auth, headers, nil)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Errorf("Expected handled error; instead got nil.")
 	}
@@ -171,7 +191,7 @@ func TestExchangeToken_Opts(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Send a proper reply so that no other errors crop up.
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-		w.Write([]byte(responseBody))
+		w.Write([]byte(exchangeResponseBody))
 
 	}))
 	defer ts.Close()
@@ -183,5 +203,69 @@ func TestExchangeToken_Opts(t *testing.T) {
 	inputOpts := make(map[string]interface{})
 	inputOpts["one"] = firstOption
 	inputOpts["two"] = secondOption
-	exchangeToken(context.Background(), ts.URL, &tokenRequest, auth, headers, inputOpts)
+	ExchangeToken(context.Background(), ts.URL, &exchangeTokenRequest, auth, headers, inputOpts)
+}
+
+func TestRefreshToken(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Method != "POST" {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected request method, %v is found", r.Method)
+		}
+		if r.URL.String() != "/" {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected request URL, %v is found", r.URL)
+		}
+		if got, want := r.Header.Get("Authorization"), "Basic cmJyZ25vZ25yaG9uZ28zYmk0Z2I5Z2hnOWc6bm90c29zZWNyZXQ="; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected authorization header, got %v, want %v", got, want)
+		}
+		if got, want := r.Header.Get("Content-Type"), "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected Content-Type header, got %v, want %v", got, want)
+		}
+		body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Failed reading request body: %v.", err)
+		}
+		if got, want := string(body), refreshRequestBody; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected exchange payload, got %v but want %v", got, want)
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.Write([]byte(refreshResponseBody))
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	headers := http.Header{}
+	headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+
+	resp, err := RefreshAccessToken(context.Background(), ts.URL, refreshToken, auth, headers)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("exchangeToken failed with error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if expectedRefreshResponse != *resp {
+		t.Errorf("mismatched messages received by mock server.  \nWant: \n%v\n\nGot:\n%v", expectedRefreshResponse, *resp)
+	}
+
+	resp, err = RefreshAccessToken(context.Background(), ts.URL, refreshToken, auth, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("exchangeToken failed with error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if expectedRefreshResponse != *resp {
+		t.Errorf("mismatched messages received by mock server.  \nWant: \n%v\n\nGot:\n%v", expectedRefreshResponse, *resp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRefreshToken_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.Write([]byte("what's wrong with this response?"))
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	headers := http.Header{}
+	headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+
+	_, err := RefreshAccessToken(context.Background(), ts.URL, refreshToken, auth, headers)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected handled error; instead got nil.")
+	}
 }

internal/client_appengine.go

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-//go:build appengine
-
-package internal
-
-import "google.golang.org/appengine/urlfetch"
-
-func init() {
-	appengineClientHook = urlfetch.Client
-}

internal/transport.go

@@ -18,16 +18,11 @@ var HTTPClient ContextKey
 // because nobody else can create a ContextKey, being unexported.
 type ContextKey struct{}
 
-var appengineClientHook func(context.Context) *http.Client
-
 func ContextClient(ctx context.Context) *http.Client {
 	if ctx != nil {
 		if hc, ok := ctx.Value(HTTPClient).(*http.Client); ok {
 			return hc
 		}
 	}
-	if appengineClientHook != nil {
-		return appengineClientHook(ctx)
-	}
 	return http.DefaultClient
 }

oauth2.go

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ type TokenSource interface {
 // endpoint URLs.
 type Endpoint struct {
 	AuthURL       string
+	DeviceAuthURL string
 	TokenURL      string
 
 	// AuthStyle optionally specifies how the endpoint wants the
@@ -143,15 +144,19 @@ func SetAuthURLParam(key, value string) AuthCodeOption {
 // AuthCodeURL returns a URL to OAuth 2.0 provider's consent page
 // that asks for permissions for the required scopes explicitly.
 //
-// State is a token to protect the user from CSRF attacks. You must
-// always provide a non-empty string and validate that it matches the
-// state query parameter on your redirect callback.
-// See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-10.12 for more info.
+// State is an opaque value used by the client to maintain state between the
+// request and callback. The authorization server includes this value when
+// redirecting the user agent back to the client.
 //
 // Opts may include AccessTypeOnline or AccessTypeOffline, as well
 // as ApprovalForce.
-// It can also be used to pass the PKCE challenge.
-// See https://www.oauth.com/oauth2-servers/pkce/ for more info.
+//
+// To protect against CSRF attacks, opts should include a PKCE challenge
+// (S256ChallengeOption). Not all servers support PKCE. An alternative is to
+// generate a random state parameter and verify it after exchange.
+// See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-10.12 (predating
+// PKCE), https://www.oauth.com/oauth2-servers/pkce/ and
+// https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-1-09.html#name-cross-site-request-forgery (describing both approaches)
 func (c *Config) AuthCodeURL(state string, opts ...AuthCodeOption) string {
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	buf.WriteString(c.Endpoint.AuthURL)
@@ -166,7 +171,6 @@ func (c *Config) AuthCodeURL(state string, opts ...AuthCodeOption) string {
 		v.Set("scope", strings.Join(c.Scopes, " "))
 	}
 	if state != "" {
-		// TODO(light): Docs say never to omit state; don't allow empty.
 		v.Set("state", state)
 	}
 	for _, opt := range opts {
@@ -211,10 +215,11 @@ func (c *Config) PasswordCredentialsToken(ctx context.Context, username, passwor
 // The provided context optionally controls which HTTP client is used. See the HTTPClient variable.
 //
 // The code will be in the *http.Request.FormValue("code"). Before
-// calling Exchange, be sure to validate FormValue("state").
+// calling Exchange, be sure to validate FormValue("state") if you are
+// using it to protect against CSRF attacks.
 //
-// Opts may include the PKCE verifier code if previously used in AuthCodeURL.
-// See https://www.oauth.com/oauth2-servers/pkce/ for more info.
+// If using PKCE to protect against CSRF attacks, opts should include a
+// VerifierOption.
 func (c *Config) Exchange(ctx context.Context, code string, opts ...AuthCodeOption) (*Token, error) {
 	v := url.Values{
 		"grant_type": {"authorization_code"},

pkce.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+package oauth2
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"net/url"
+)
+
+const (
+	codeChallengeKey       = "code_challenge"
+	codeChallengeMethodKey = "code_challenge_method"
+	codeVerifierKey        = "code_verifier"
+)
+
+// GenerateVerifier generates a PKCE code verifier with 32 octets of randomness.
+// This follows recommendations in RFC 7636.
+//
+// A fresh verifier should be generated for each authorization.
+// S256ChallengeOption(verifier) should then be passed to Config.AuthCodeURL
+// (or Config.DeviceAccess) and VerifierOption(verifier) to Config.Exchange
+// (or Config.DeviceAccessToken).
+func GenerateVerifier() string {
+	// "RECOMMENDED that the output of a suitable random number generator be
+	// used to create a 32-octet sequence.  The octet sequence is then
+	// base64url-encoded to produce a 43-octet URL-safe string to use as the
+	// code verifier."
+	// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7636#section-4.1
+	data := make([]byte, 32)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(data); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(data)
+}
+
+// VerifierOption returns a PKCE code verifier AuthCodeOption. It should be
+// passed to Config.Exchange or Config.DeviceAccessToken only.
+func VerifierOption(verifier string) AuthCodeOption {
+	return setParam{k: codeVerifierKey, v: verifier}
+}
+
+// S256ChallengeFromVerifier returns a PKCE code challenge derived from verifier with method S256.
+//
+// Prefer to use S256ChallengeOption where possible.
+func S256ChallengeFromVerifier(verifier string) string {
+	sha := sha256.Sum256([]byte(verifier))
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(sha[:])
+}
+
+// S256ChallengeOption derives a PKCE code challenge derived from verifier with
+// method S256. It should be passed to Config.AuthCodeURL or Config.DeviceAccess
+// only.
+func S256ChallengeOption(verifier string) AuthCodeOption {
+	return challengeOption{
+		challenge_method: "S256",
+		challenge:        S256ChallengeFromVerifier(verifier),
+	}
+}
+
+type challengeOption struct{ challenge_method, challenge string }
+
+func (p challengeOption) setValue(m url.Values) {
+	m.Set(codeChallengeMethodKey, p.challenge_method)
+	m.Set(codeChallengeKey, p.challenge)
+}